Colposcopy

Colposcopy is a crucial diagnostic procedure used to closely examine the cervix, vagina, and vulva for signs of disease. It is often recommended when a cervical screening test (Pap smear) indicates abnormal results, or when visual abnormalities are noted during a pelvic exam.

The procedure involves using a colposcope, a specialised magnifying instrument, to illuminate and magnify the areas of interest, allowing for a detailed examination.

Our team of gynaecologists routinely perform colposcopy in-rooms at our clinic, to diagnose a range of conditions. If you have a condition requiring colposcopy, please get in touch to book an appointment.

Purpose of Colposcopy

Colposcopy is primarily performed to detect precancerous changes and other abnormalities in the cervix, vagina, and vulva. The main reasons for recommending a colposcopy include:

  • Abnormal Pap smear/Cervical Screening Test Results: Detecting abnormal cells that could indicate precancerous changes or cervical cancer.
  • Positive HPV Test: Identifying high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) that are associated with cervical cancer.
  • Unexplained Symptoms: Investigating symptoms such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, persistent pelvic pain, or unusual vaginal discharge.
  • Visible Lesions: Examining visible abnormalities or lesions observed during a routine pelvic examination.

Conditions Diagnosed by Colposcopy

Cervical dysplasia refers to abnormal changes in the cells on the surface of the cervix. It is often detected through a Pap smear and further examined via colposcopy.

  • Causes: Persistent infection with high-risk strains of HPV is the primary cause of cervical dysplasia.
  • Symptoms: Typically asymptomatic and detected during routine screening.
  • Treatment: Depending on the severity, treatment may include regular monitoring, cone biopsy, laser therapy, or loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP).

Cervical cancer is a malignant tumour arising from the cervix. Early detection through screening and colposcopy significantly improves treatment outcomes.

  • Causes: The primary cause is chronic infection with high-risk HPV strains.
  • Symptoms: Abnormal vaginal bleeding, unusual discharge, pelvic pain, and pain during intercourse.
  • Treatment: Options include surgery (such as hysterectomy), radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these.

Genital warts are caused by certain strains of HPV and can be examined and treated through colposcopy.

  • Causes: Infection with low-risk HPV types.
  • Symptoms: Small bumps or growths in the genital area.
  • Treatment: Topical medications, cryotherapy, or surgical removal.

Colposcopy (Called a Vulvoscopy) is used to examine lesions on the vagina and vulva, which could be precancerous or cancerous.

  • Causes: HPV infection, other infections, dermatological conditions.
  • Symptoms: Itching, pain, abnormal discharge.
  • Treatment: Depends on the diagnosis; may include topical treatments, surgical removal, or other targeted therapies.

The Colposcopy Procedure

Colposcopy is usually performed in a gynaecologist’s office and takes about 10 to 20 minutes. Here’s what to expect during the procedure:

  • Scheduling: The procedure is ideally scheduled when you are not menstruating.
  • Medication: You may be advised to take an over-the-counter pain reliever before the procedure to minimise discomfort.
  • Avoiding Intercourse: Refrain from intercourse, douching, or using vaginal medications for 24-48 hours before the procedure.
  • Positioning: You will lie on an examination table with your feet in stirrups, similar to a Pap smear.
  • Speculum Insertion: A speculum is inserted into the vagina to allow the gynaecologist to view the cervix.
  • Application of Solutions: The cervix may be swabbed with a vinegar solution or iodine to highlight abnormal areas.
  • Examination: The colposcope, which remains outside the body, is positioned to get a magnified view of the cervix, vagina, and vulva.
  • Biopsy: If abnormal areas are detected, a small tissue sample (biopsy) may be taken for further examination under a microscope.
  • Discomfort: Some cramping or light spotting may occur after the procedure.
  • Activity Restrictions: Avoid heavy lifting, strenuous exercise, and intercourse for a few days if a biopsy was taken.
  • Results: Biopsy results typically take one to two weeks. Your gynaecologist will discuss the findings and any necessary follow-up.

Causes for Colposcopy Referral

A colposcopy may be recommended for several reasons, including:

  • Abnormal Cervical Screening Results: Detection of abnormal cells during a Pap smear.
  • Positive HPV Test: Presence of high-risk HPV strains.
  • Unexplained Symptoms: Symptoms such as abnormal bleeding, persistent pelvic pain, or unusual discharge.
  • Visible Lesions: Observation of abnormal growths or lesions during a pelvic exam.

Risk Factors for Conditions Requiring Colposcopy

Several factors can increase the risk of developing conditions that necessitate a colposcopy:

  • HPV Infection: Particularly high-risk strains.
  • Smoking: Increases the risk of cervical abnormalities and cancer.
  • Early Sexual Activity: Engaging in sexual activity at a young age.
  • Multiple Sexual Partners: Increases exposure to HPV.
  • Weakened Immune System: Conditions like HIV/AIDS or medications that suppress the immune system.

Treatment Options Following Colposcopy

The treatment plan following a colposcopy depends on the findings and may include:

  • Regular Monitoring: For mild abnormalities, regular follow-up screenings may be recommended to monitor any changes over time.
  • Topical Treatments: For genital warts and other minor lesions, topical medications can be applied.
  • Laser Therapy: Using laser energy to remove or destroy abnormal tissue.
  • Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP): Using a thin wire loop heated by electric current to remove abnormal cells.
  • Cone Biopsy: Removing a cone-shaped piece of tissue from the cervix for further examination.
  • Hysterectomy: Surgical removal of the uterus, recommended in severe cases or when other treatments have failed.
  • Chemotherapy and Radiation: For advanced cervical cancer.
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Get in touch with our friendly team.

We are a general gynaecology clinic based in Melbourne, dedicated to the latest Minimally Invasive (MI) gynaecological diagnostic and surgical techniques. We are leaders in laparoscopic and cutting-edge robotic “keyhole” surgery.

If you have a question about a condition or treatment, or would like to book an appointment, please get in touch.

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At MIGYNAE, we provide care to all individuals with gynaecological and reproductive health needs, including those with female reproductive organs, regardless of gender identity or assignment at birth. We also welcome trans women and others seeking our specialist expertise.

We acknowledge the Traditional Owners of the land on which we work and live, the Wurundjeri Woi-wurrung and Bunurong peoples of the East Kulin Nations. We pay our respects to their Elders past, present, and emerging, and celebrate their rich stories, cultures, and traditions.

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Our practice will be closed for the holiday season from 25th December 2024 and reopen on Tuesday 7th January 2025 @ 9.00am.

During this period, emails and incoming referrals will not be answered or monitored.  All correspondence will be processed upon our return on 7th January 2025.

In case of an emergency, please visit your nearest Emergency Department or call 000 for immediate assistance.

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On behalf of the entire team at MIGYNAE, we wish you a happy, safe holiday season and a prosperous NEW YEAR.

We look forward to welcoming you back in 2025!